{"id":3846,"date":"2020-12-25T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-25T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/?p=3846"},"modified":"2022-01-30T21:05:09","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T02:05:09","slug":"planetary-gears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/","title":{"rendered":"Planetary gears: physics of chopsticks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Before the advent of marcosticks.org, the world described chopsticks as operating using a third-class <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lever\">Archimedean lever<\/a> configuration with a fixed fulcrum. But the reality is more nuanced. It turns out that the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epicyclic_gearing\">planetary gear train<\/a>, also known as epicyclic gears, is a key driver that makes the <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/the-standard-grip\/\">Standard Grip<\/a> motion possible. Watch this short video where we introduce the physics of chopsticks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe title=\"Chopsticks are not third-class levers #VeritasiumContest\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JVUAk0EYbqo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatively, observe the following slow-motion capture of the top chopstick being manipulated using the standard grip. Pay attention to the top stick. Does the chopstick motion look like that of a a third-class lever with a fixed fulcrum, on single plane of rotation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling-top-chopstick-Snapping-air-with-max-wide-open-angle-Bottom-chopstick-anchored-IMG_3620.gif\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling-top-chopstick-Snapping-air-with-max-wide-open-angle-Bottom-chopstick-anchored-IMG_3620.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Twirling the top chopstick - Snapping air with max wide-open angle, while the bottom chopstick is held immobile by the left hand - IMG_3620\" class=\"wp-image-862\" width=\"455\" height=\"228\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Twirling the top chopstick with the standard grip<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>At a glance, the motion may resemble that of a third-class lever, as shown below. But the story is more nuanced than just that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-third-class-lever-tong-and-sponge-IMG_2352-SCENE1-PART2-480x222-10fps.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-third-class-lever-tong-and-sponge-IMG_2352-SCENE1-PART2-480x222-10fps.gif\" alt=\"One unlike other two - slowmo - third class lever - tong and sponge - IMG_2352-SCENE1-PART2-480x222 10fps\" class=\"wp-image-3887\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Third-class lever<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Third-class-Archimedean-lever-Wikimedia-annotated.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Third-class-Archimedean-lever-Wikimedia-annotated-1024x366.png\" alt=\"Third-class Archimedean lever - sourced from Wikimedia - Annotated.\" class=\"wp-image-1335\" width=\"512\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Third-class-Archimedean-lever-Wikimedia-annotated-1024x366.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Third-class-Archimedean-lever-Wikimedia-annotated-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Third-class-Archimedean-lever-Wikimedia-annotated-768x275.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Third-class-Archimedean-lever-Wikimedia-annotated-1536x549.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Third-class-Archimedean-lever-Wikimedia-annotated-2048x732.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Third-class lever<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ea43d9a7ed8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ea43d9a7ed8\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Tripod_hold_and_Standard_Grip_motion\" title=\"Tripod hold and Standard Grip motion\">Tripod hold and Standard Grip motion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Planetary_gears\" title=\"Planetary gears\">Planetary gears<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Top_stick_as_a_lever_on_a_fulcrum\" title=\"Top stick as a lever on a fulcrum\">Top stick as a lever on a fulcrum<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Incomplete_view_of_chopstick_physics\" title=\"Incomplete view of chopstick physics\">Incomplete view of chopstick physics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#A_better_explanation\" title=\"A better explanation\">A better explanation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Stick_as_extension_of_tripod_hold\" title=\"Stick as extension of tripod hold\">Stick as extension of tripod hold<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Caging_and_moving_the_stick\" title=\"Caging and moving the stick\">Caging and moving the stick<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Rolling_the_stick\" title=\"Rolling the stick\">Rolling the stick<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#So_what\" title=\"So what?\">So what?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#What_the_future_may_hold\" title=\"What the future may hold\">What the future may hold<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/zh\/planetary-gears\/#Our_mission\" title=\"Our mission\">Our mission<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tripod-hold-and-standard-grip-motion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tripod_hold_and_Standard_Grip_motion\"><\/span>Tripod hold and Standard Grip motion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Note how the index finger and the middle finger almost cage the top stick between them, turning the stick into an extension of these two fingers. The thumb tip pushes on the same top stick against the two fingers, to complete the sandwiching effort. We call this three-finger grip, the &#8220;tripod hold&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-1024x794.png\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - EC Drawings 2019 v2.0 tripod hold - standard_grip per planetary gear train\" class=\"wp-image-1095\" width=\"256\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-1024x794.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-768x595.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train.png 1166w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The tripod hold<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to close tips of the two sticks, the two fingers make an &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_quotes\">air quote<\/a>&#8221; gesture, bringing the top stick downward. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Marcosticks-Dr-Evil-Air-Quotes-Head-n-hands-enlarged-Line-drawing-Cel-shading-2pt-scaled-1-e1609899364813.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Marcosticks-Dr-Evil-Air-Quotes-Head-n-hands-enlarged-Line-drawing-Cel-shading-2pt-scaled-1-e1609899364813-1024x800.png\" alt=\"Dr Evil doing Air Quotes - Head and hands enlarged - Line drawing - Cel shading - 2pt\" class=\"wp-image-4197\" width=\"512\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Marcosticks-Dr-Evil-Air-Quotes-Head-n-hands-enlarged-Line-drawing-Cel-shading-2pt-scaled-1-e1609899364813-1024x800.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Marcosticks-Dr-Evil-Air-Quotes-Head-n-hands-enlarged-Line-drawing-Cel-shading-2pt-scaled-1-e1609899364813-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Marcosticks-Dr-Evil-Air-Quotes-Head-n-hands-enlarged-Line-drawing-Cel-shading-2pt-scaled-1-e1609899364813-768x600.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Marcosticks-Dr-Evil-Air-Quotes-Head-n-hands-enlarged-Line-drawing-Cel-shading-2pt-scaled-1-e1609899364813-1536x1199.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Marcosticks-Dr-Evil-Air-Quotes-Head-n-hands-enlarged-Line-drawing-Cel-shading-2pt-scaled-1-e1609899364813.png 1848w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Dr. Evil doing air quotes<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The next video is an exaggeration of this air quote, to demonstrate the combined effects of the air quote and the tripod hold. Combining these two in a human hand results in the stick being rolled around its longitudinal axis, by the tip of the thumb and the index finger. We call this the &#8220;Standard Grip motion&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling_step3_combine_air_quote_with_chopstick_roll_IMG_3625.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling_step3_combine_air_quote_with_chopstick_roll_IMG_3625.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Twirling step3 combine air quote with chopstick roll IMG_3625\" class=\"wp-image-919\" width=\"219\" height=\"193\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Air quote done with tripod hold<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The next video is an even more exaggerated version of the same. The tripod hold twirls the top stick as if it were a pen. The key observation to make here, is that skin of fingers meshes with the surface of the stick, as if both skin and stick surface sported gear teeth. The 90\u00b0 edge of square chopstick is especially useful for this purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling_step1_practice_rolling_top_chopstick_like_a_pen_IMG_3624.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling_step1_practice_rolling_top_chopstick_like_a_pen_IMG_3624.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Twirling step1 practice rolling top chopstick like a pen IMG_3624\" class=\"wp-image-917\" width=\"239\" height=\"200\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Roll the stick like twirling a pen<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"planetary-gears\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Planetary_gears\"><\/span>Planetary gears<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We now understand that the top chopstick is not just a simple lever. What you have observed is in fact known as a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epicyclic_gearing\">planetary gear train<\/a> in mechanical engineering. See the illustration shown below, for how the three fingers map to planet gears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_10T_chopsticks_fingers_compared_to_planet_gears_in_gear_train.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_10T_chopsticks_fingers_compared_to_planet_gears_in_gear_train-1024x593.png\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - EC Drawings 2019 v1.0 10T chopsticks fingers compared to planet gears in gear train\" class=\"wp-image-1013\" width=\"512\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_10T_chopsticks_fingers_compared_to_planet_gears_in_gear_train-1024x593.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_10T_chopsticks_fingers_compared_to_planet_gears_in_gear_train-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_10T_chopsticks_fingers_compared_to_planet_gears_in_gear_train-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_10T_chopsticks_fingers_compared_to_planet_gears_in_gear_train-1536x890.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_10T_chopsticks_fingers_compared_to_planet_gears_in_gear_train.png 1773w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Comparing standard grip chopstick twirling (left) to a planetary gear train (right)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-planetary-gear-toy-side-view-IMG_2355-SCENE2-PART3-320x318-10fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-planetary-gear-toy-side-view-IMG_2355-SCENE2-PART3-320x318-10fps.gif\" alt=\"One unlike other two - slowmo - planetary gear toy - side view - IMG_2355-SCENE2-PART3 320x318 10fps\" class=\"wp-image-3892\" width=\"240\" height=\"239\"\/><\/a><figcaption>3d-printable planetary gears fidget toy<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The anatomy of the human hand and fingers is such that when a chopstick is placed between the tip of the index finger, and the distal knuckle of the middle finger, an air-quote gesture acts as a virtual ring gear to synchronize rolls of the three fingers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-chopsticks-front-view-top-stick-3-immobile-IMG_2349-becomes-clearer-closeup-cut3-x2-320x287-10fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-chopsticks-front-view-top-stick-3-immobile-IMG_2349-becomes-clearer-closeup-cut3-x2-320x287-10fps.gif\" alt=\"One unlike other two - slowmo - chopsticks - front view - top stick 3 immobile - IMG_2349-becomes clearer-closeup-cut3 x2-320x287 10fps\" class=\"wp-image-3890\" width=\"240\" height=\"215\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Finger and stick as planetary gears<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Following are close-up pictures of the tripod hold doing its planetary gears work. Compare the tip of the thumb in the closed posture on the left, to the open posture on the right. Note how the thumb tip appears to &#8220;move&#8221; across the surface of the stick. But it doesn&#8217;t &#8220;move&#8221; in the sense that it scrapes the surface of the stick. Instead, the skin of the thumb &#8220;meshes&#8221; with the surface of the stick, just like gears mesh by teeth. By meshing and locking onto stick surface, the thumb tip is able to roll the stick for 90\u00b0, around the longitudinal axis of the stick. This 90\u00b0 rolls can be clearly seen in these two pictures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Flattened-thumb-pose-for-Standard-Grip-chopsticks-posture-front-view-showing-planetary-gears-IMG_7151-IMG_7152-closeup.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Flattened-thumb-pose-for-Standard-Grip-chopsticks-posture-front-view-showing-planetary-gears-IMG_7151-IMG_7152-closeup-1024x482.jpg\" alt=\"Flattened thumb pose for Standard Grip, seen from the front to illustrate rolling of top stick from closed to open posture, as planetary gears - close-up\" class=\"wp-image-3823\" width=\"768\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Flattened-thumb-pose-for-Standard-Grip-chopsticks-posture-front-view-showing-planetary-gears-IMG_7151-IMG_7152-closeup-1024x482.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Flattened-thumb-pose-for-Standard-Grip-chopsticks-posture-front-view-showing-planetary-gears-IMG_7151-IMG_7152-closeup-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Flattened-thumb-pose-for-Standard-Grip-chopsticks-posture-front-view-showing-planetary-gears-IMG_7151-IMG_7152-closeup-768x361.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Flattened-thumb-pose-for-Standard-Grip-chopsticks-posture-front-view-showing-planetary-gears-IMG_7151-IMG_7152-closeup.jpg 1343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Close-up pictures showing planetary gear actions<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Also note how the index finger similarly meshes with stick surface. Thus the index finger seemingly &#8220;moves&#8221; across stick surface. But in fact it rolls the stick as if both were gears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The article <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/how-to-use-chopsticks\/\">Learn to Use Chopsticks<\/a> goes into additional details on the planetary gears, and how it drives the Standard Grip finger motion. We first made this observation, and documented it in our first <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/tag\/patent-application\/\">patent application<\/a> on ergonomic chopsticks. The patent has now been issued by USPTO as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US11213149B2\/en\">US11213149B2<\/a>. We have edited our application for our web audience: <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/ergonomic-chopsticks-20210059445\/\">Ergonomic chopsticks \u2013 US20210059445A1<\/a>. It has the most detailed explanation on the physics of chopsticks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"top-stick-as-a-lever-on-a-fulcrum\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top_stick_as_a_lever_on_a_fulcrum\"><\/span>Top stick as a lever on a fulcrum<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Previous literatures usually classified as 3rd class levers. Numerous chopstick inventions treated the top stick as pivoting on a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hinge\">hinge<\/a>, based on this principle, as shown below. Given what you have just learned earlier, these are not complete characterization of chopstick physics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Patent-Drawing-US20120133167A1-training-chopsticks-by-Chat-Ming-Woo.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Patent-Drawing-US20120133167A1-training-chopsticks-by-Chat-Ming-Woo-1024x479.png\" alt=\"Patent Drawing US20120133167A1 training chopsticks by Chat Ming Woo\" class=\"wp-image-3527\" width=\"512\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Patent-Drawing-US20120133167A1-training-chopsticks-by-Chat-Ming-Woo-1024x479.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Patent-Drawing-US20120133167A1-training-chopsticks-by-Chat-Ming-Woo-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Patent-Drawing-US20120133167A1-training-chopsticks-by-Chat-Ming-Woo-768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Patent-Drawing-US20120133167A1-training-chopsticks-by-Chat-Ming-Woo-1536x719.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Patent-Drawing-US20120133167A1-training-chopsticks-by-Chat-Ming-Woo.png 1590w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Patent Drawing US20120133167A1 &#8211; training chopsticks by Chat Ming Woo<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Textbooks use chopsticks as exemplar third-class levers. One such illustration is shown below. This particular illustration is actually showing the <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/the-righthand-rule-grip\/\">Righthand Rule<\/a> grip, not Standard Grip. But that is a minor issue. One key misunderstanding from the past is that a fulcrum even exists at the rear end of either stick, in this example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Fair-use-lah.elearningontario.ca-third-class-lever-chopsticks-reduced.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Fair-use-lah.elearningontario.ca-third-class-lever-chopsticks-reduced.jpg\" alt=\"Fair use - lah.elearningontario.ca - textbook showing chopsticks as third class lever\" class=\"wp-image-3885\" width=\"471\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Fair-use-lah.elearningontario.ca-third-class-lever-chopsticks-reduced.jpg 628w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Fair-use-lah.elearningontario.ca-third-class-lever-chopsticks-reduced-300x161.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Textbook showing chopsticks as levers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If the rear end of a stick is not the fulcrum, then where is the fulcrum?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many scholarly research and patent publications assume that the thumb is used as a fixed pivot, where the top stick tilts in a fixed rotational plane, as illustrated below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-1024x354.png\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - &quot;Perceived&quot; third-class Archimedean lever action of the top marcostick - Inward compression\" class=\"wp-image-1339\" width=\"512\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-1024x354.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-768x265.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-1536x530.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-2048x707.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>&#8220;Perceived&#8221; third-class Archimedean lever action of the top chopstick<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"incomplete-view-of-chopstick-physics\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Incomplete_view_of_chopstick_physics\"><\/span>Incomplete view of chopstick physics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Almost all of prior research focus on the pinching action of chopsticks on food, incognizant of the fact that chopsticks can be made to exert significant extension forces in the opposite direction as well. The video clip on the right below illustrates how chopsticks can be wielded to generate extension forces against obstacles. The drawing on the left below illustrates one perceived lever action of this extension effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Extension-Cropped.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Extension-Cropped-1024x690.png\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Perceived third-class Archimedean lever action of the top marcostick - Inward Extension (cropped)\" class=\"wp-image-1342\" width=\"340\" height=\"240\"\/><\/a><figcaption>&#8220;Perceived&#8221; third-class lever action extending the top chopstick outward <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Opening-salad-tongs-with-forceful-outward-extension-medium-slowmo-IMG_3375-480x673-10fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Opening-salad-tongs-with-forceful-outward-extension-medium-slowmo-IMG_3375-480x673-10fps.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks - Opening salad tongs with forceful outward extension, medium, slowmo - IMG_3375 480x673 10fps\" class=\"wp-image-1068\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Extending chopsticks open<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>When one considers the pinching movement from earlier, next to the extension movement here, then the fulcrum narrative starts to fall apart. Recall that the \u201cfulcrum\u201d exists for a reason. It supports the beam (top chopstick). In a third-class lever arrangement, it effectively provides a counterforce in an opposite direction to that of the \u201ceffort\u201d force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How is the same thumb supposed to be able to provide an upward counterforce in the pinching movement, and then a downward counterforce in the extension movement?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Both-ompression-and-extension.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Both-ompression-and-extension-1024x320.png\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - &quot;Perceived&quot; third-class Archimedean lever action of the top marcostick - Both compression and extension\" class=\"wp-image-1366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Both-ompression-and-extension-1024x320.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Both-ompression-and-extension-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Both-ompression-and-extension-768x240.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Both-ompression-and-extension-1536x480.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-of-the-top-marcostick-Both-ompression-and-extension-2048x640.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Pinching movement (left) and extension movement (right)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, note how close the index finger is to the thumb. If this were just a third-class lever, the stick would not be able to generate much compression force, due to the index-to-thumb distance being about 1\/8 of the chopstick-tip-to-thumb distance. Similarly, the middle finger is also close to the thumb, at probably 1\/5 of the chopstick-tip-to-thumb distance. So the leverage ratio is only 1\/8 for pinching, and 1\/5 for extension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-Leverage-Ratios-Both-compression-and-extension.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-Leverage-Ratios-Both-compression-and-extension-1024x366.png\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - &quot;Perceived&quot; third-class Archimedean lever action - Leverage Ratios - Both compression and extension\" class=\"wp-image-1370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-Leverage-Ratios-Both-compression-and-extension-1024x366.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-Leverage-Ratios-Both-compression-and-extension-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-Leverage-Ratios-Both-compression-and-extension-768x274.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-Leverage-Ratios-Both-compression-and-extension-1536x549.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Marcosticks-Perceived-third-class-Archimedean-lever-action-Leverage-Ratios-Both-compression-and-extension-2048x732.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>&#8220;Perceived&#8221; third-class lever actions and leverage ratios<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-better-explanation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_better_explanation\"><\/span>A better explanation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/history-of-chopstick-research\/\">History of Chopstick Research<\/a> article, we went into more details on this dilemma, and its solution. But you have read thus far, and you can probably anticipate the solution already. The rolling of the top stick by the tripod hold, together with the air quote gesture, is the key to understanding the physics of chopsticks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-1024x794.png\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - EC Drawings 2019 v2.0 tripod hold - standard_grip per planetary gear train\" class=\"wp-image-1095\" width=\"256\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-1024x794.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train-768x595.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/EC_Drawings_2019_v2.0_tripod_hold_standard_grip_per_planetary_gear_train.png 1166w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The tripod hold<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling_step3_combine_air_quote_with_chopstick_roll_IMG_3625.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Twirling_step3_combine_air_quote_with_chopstick_roll_IMG_3625.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Twirling step3 combine air quote with chopstick roll IMG_3625\" class=\"wp-image-919\" width=\"250\" height=\"210\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Air quote gesture<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We don&#8217;t pretend to know the actual kinematics behind this observed planetary gear motion. But we do have some suggestions about how to explain it. Hopefully real mechanical engineers can soon <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/how-to-help\/\">help us<\/a> parse the math behind it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stick_as_extension_of_tripod_hold\"><\/span>Stick as extension of tripod hold<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, the perceived leverage issue is not real. Look at the power the Standard Grip generates in following video clips. These are what we call the &#8220;litmus tests&#8221; of chopstick grips. We use them to measure relative effectiveness of <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/family-tree-of-alternative-grips\/\">different grip types<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Closing-salad-tongs-with-inward-medium-compression-IMG_3374-320x217-15fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Closing-salad-tongs-with-inward-medium-compression-IMG_3374-320x217-15fps.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Closing salad tongs with inward medium compression - IMG_3374 320x217 15fps\" class=\"wp-image-852\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Closing tongs with compression force<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Opening-salad-tongs-with-forceful-outward-extension-IMG_3375-320x344-15fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Opening-salad-tongs-with-forceful-outward-extension-IMG_3375-320x344-15fps.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Opening salad tongs with forceful outward extension - IMG_3375 320x344 15fps\" class=\"wp-image-855\" width=\"222\" height=\"217\"\/><\/a><figcaption>with strenuous extension force<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A pair of salad tongs are bound by a rubber band. The tail is bound for the compression test shown above left, where chopsticks force tongs to close. The tongs themselves are bound for the extension test shown above right, where chopsticks pry them open. We find that the best way to discern how a grip works, is to subject it to strenuous tests like this one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Significant forces need to be generated for both tests. If you watch these clips a few times, you will agree with us that the top chopstick looks co-opted by the tripod hold into an extension of these three fingers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These tests are not just academic fantasies. Following clips show chopsticks used to slice boiled radish in real life, using both compression forces and extension forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Slicing-radish-from-outside-in-with-compression-and-from-inside-out-with-extension-take-1-IMG_8460-480x571-15fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Slicing-radish-from-outside-in-with-compression-and-from-inside-out-with-extension-take-1-IMG_8460-480x571-15fps.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Slicing radish from outside in with compression, and from inside out with extension, take 1, IMG_8460 480x571 15fps\" class=\"wp-image-1005\" width=\"240\" height=\"286\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Slicing radish<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Slicing-radish-from-outside-in-with-compression-and-from-inside-out-with-extension-take-2-IMG_8460-640x708-15fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Slicing-radish-from-outside-in-with-compression-and-from-inside-out-with-extension-take-2-IMG_8460-640x708-15fps.gif\" alt=\"Chopsticks Marcosticks - Slicing radish from outside in with compression, and from inside out with extension, take 2, IMG_8460 640x708 15fps\" class=\"wp-image-1006\" width=\"274\" height=\"290\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Slicing radish<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"caging-and-moving-the-stick\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Caging_and_moving_the_stick\"><\/span>Caging and moving the stick<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The question to ask is no longer about which finger part is the fulcrum. The fulcrum and the effort points shift throughout these torturous exercises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The question to ask is, &#8220;how do the three fingers work together to keep the stick securely caged in, as an extension, in strenuous compression and in extension situations?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-vs-extension-tests-scaled-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-vs-extension-tests-scaled-1-1024x309.png\" alt=\"Top stick as extension of tripod hold - compression vs extension tests\" class=\"wp-image-3914\" width=\"768\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-vs-extension-tests-scaled-1-1024x309.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-vs-extension-tests-scaled-1-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-vs-extension-tests-scaled-1-768x232.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-vs-extension-tests-scaled-1-1536x464.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-vs-extension-tests-scaled-1.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Top stick as extension of tripod hold &#8211; compression vs extension tests<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The above pictures illustrate the answer to this new question. Finger areas involved in securely caging the top stick are painted purple. In both compression and extension, the thumb tip is instrumental in pressing the stick into the purple areas, pinning the stick immobile. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To close tips of chopsticks with compression force, the entire index finger is used to push the top stick downward. This area is marked in pink. Since the stick is pinned immobile by the purple areas, the index finger is pushing not just the stick, but also the middle finger and the thumb, as one single caged unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-test-scaled-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-test-scaled-1-1024x616.png\" alt=\"Top stick as extension of tripod hold - compression test\" class=\"wp-image-3916\" width=\"512\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-test-scaled-1-1024x616.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-test-scaled-1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-test-scaled-1-768x462.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-test-scaled-1-1536x923.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-compression-test-scaled-1.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Top stick as extension of tripod hold &#8211; compression test<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To open tips of chopsticks with extension force, almost the entire middle finger is used to prod the top stick upward. This area is marked in pink. Since the stick is pinned immobile by the purple areas, the middle finger is prodding not just the stick, but also the index finger and the thumb, as one single caged unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-extension-test-scaled-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-extension-test-scaled-1-1024x582.png\" alt=\"Top stick as extension of tripod hold - extension test\" class=\"wp-image-3917\" width=\"512\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-extension-test-scaled-1-1024x582.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-extension-test-scaled-1-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-extension-test-scaled-1-768x437.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-extension-test-scaled-1-1536x873.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Top-stick-as-extension-of-tripod-hold-extension-test-scaled-1.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Top stick as extension of tripod hold &#8211; extension test<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A better of description how the top chopstick works, is to consider it as a cantilever extension of the index finger and the middle finger. Unlike traditional text book descriptions, fingers are not rocking the top chopstick around a fulcrum. Instead, these two fingers cement the top chopstick into a cantilever extension. The two fingers themselves do operate as a 3rd class levers &#8211; finger segments rotate around joints, operated by finger muscles. The top chopstick goes where these two fingers point. The same is true of the bottom chopstick.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rolling-the-stick\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rolling_the_stick\"><\/span>Rolling the stick<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We have established that the tip of the thumb must firmly pin the top chopstick against whichever finger serves as the caging counterpart, depending on whether compression or extension was called for. The thumb never parts with the surface of the top stick, else the tripod hold is compromised. This is true throughout the Standard Grip motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this presents a problem. It is illustrated below. As the top stick tilts from the open posture (left) to the closed posture (right), the point on the thumb where the tip of the thumb intercepts the stick changes. How can the thumb &#8220;move&#8221; its contact point from one to the other, during the motion, without letting go of the top stick?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-distance-between-sticks-at-open-and-closed-postures-min-n-max-thumb-dist.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-distance-between-sticks-at-open-and-closed-postures-min-n-max-thumb-dist-1024x352.png\" alt=\"Distance between sticks change between the open posture and the closed posture - min and max distances as measured along the thumb\" class=\"wp-image-3931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-distance-between-sticks-at-open-and-closed-postures-min-n-max-thumb-dist-1024x352.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-distance-between-sticks-at-open-and-closed-postures-min-n-max-thumb-dist-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-distance-between-sticks-at-open-and-closed-postures-min-n-max-thumb-dist-768x264.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-distance-between-sticks-at-open-and-closed-postures-min-n-max-thumb-dist-1536x528.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-distance-between-sticks-at-open-and-closed-postures-min-n-max-thumb-dist-2048x704.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Contact point between thumb and top stick varies throughout the standard grip motion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This problem is solved by adopting the planetary gear train motion, as we have discussed earlier, and as shown in the video below. In this video, we have kept the camera trained on the top stick, so that it appears immobile. Instead, the bottom stick appears to tilt away from it. This allows you to observe the rolling of the top stick by the tip of the thumb, without distractions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-chopsticks-side-n-front-view-top-stick-3-immobile-IMG_2362-SCENE2-PART1-cut1-x2-320x243-10fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"243\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/One-unlike-other-two-slowmo-chopsticks-side-n-front-view-top-stick-3-immobile-IMG_2362-SCENE2-PART1-cut1-x2-320x243-10fps.gif\" alt=\"One unlike other two - slowmo - chopsticks - side n front view - top stick 3 immobile - IMG_2362-SCENE2-PART1-cut1 x2-320x243 10fps\" class=\"wp-image-3927\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Finger-chopstick planetary gears &#8211; the top stick is held immobile, but is free to roll<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If the top stick were to leave marks on fingers, then the stick marks would look like shown below. Light shaded areas are stick marks left by the top stick at the open posture. Dark shaded areas are marks left at the closed posture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_11T_chopstick-marks-left-on-fingers-at-open-and-closed-postures.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_11T_chopstick-marks-left-on-fingers-at-open-and-closed-postures-1024x788.png\" alt=\"Ergonomic Chopsticks Utility Patent drawing - FIG 11T - chopstick marks left on fingers at open and closed postures\" class=\"wp-image-3929\" width=\"512\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_11T_chopstick-marks-left-on-fingers-at-open-and-closed-postures-1024x788.png 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_11T_chopstick-marks-left-on-fingers-at-open-and-closed-postures-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_11T_chopstick-marks-left-on-fingers-at-open-and-closed-postures-768x591.png 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_11T_chopstick-marks-left-on-fingers-at-open-and-closed-postures-1536x1181.png 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/EC_Drawings_2019_v1.0_11T_chopstick-marks-left-on-fingers-at-open-and-closed-postures.png 1680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Stick marks left on fingers at open and closed postures<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To summarize:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chopsticks are not third-class levers.<\/li><li>Your finger bones, tendons and muscles operate as third-class levers.<\/li><li>Chopsticks become cantilever extensions of your fingers.<\/li><li>The hand anatomy requires that you roll the top chopstick as three fingers secure it and perform an air quote gesture to extend and close tips of chopsticks.<\/li><li>The top chopstick is a cantilever sun gear in a planetary gear train.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"so-what\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_what\"><\/span>So what?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>At this point, readers may be asking, &#8220;so what?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is true that more than half of lifelong chopstick users do not even use Standard Grip. In these cases, rolling the top chopstick is a moot point, because their <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/ten-thousand-ways\/\">alternative grips<\/a> do not allow for such rolls. In many such cases, tripod hold does not exist. Most of these do not generate much compression or extension force. For those who do want to improve their chopstick skills, understanding the true mechanical principle behind Standard Grip is the first step towards making improvements, as shown in this how-to-use video.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe title=\"How to use chopsticks with the Standard Grip\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VQ8HGQxHQ-I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Many users who appear to use Standard Grip in fact wield <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/weak-standard-grip\/\">Weak Standard Grip<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/the-idling-thumb-grip\/\">Idling Thumb<\/a> instead, with varying degrees of negligence of the thumb tip. As this article has shown, the thumb tip is essential in the tripod hold and in the roll. Without fully engaging the thumb, these grips generate week compression and extension. For these users, elucidation of the planetary gears mechanism may be the last step they need, before they can drastically increase their chopstick power, reach and dexterity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All Standard Grip users roll the top chopstick, even though most are unaware of this fact. Watch the most popular YouTube videos on &#8220;how to use&#8221;, listed below. These instructors all teach the Standard Grip. You can confirm this assertion yourself, by observing how they twirl the top chopstick using planetary gears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The right way to hold chopsticks by \u7bb8\u5320\u305b\u3044\u308f, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YpAYxkfRUzc?t=67\">at 1:07<\/a><\/li><li>How to hold chopsticks correctly by \u306f\u3057\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6hfjeGpjb-U?t=37\">at 0:37<\/a><\/li><li>How To Properly Hold Chopsticks by BuzzFeed Multiplayer, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/gqedo_cjqFg?t=28\">at 0:28<\/a><\/li><li>Guide to mastering the chopsticks within 5 minutes by artstudioashenka, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RkLMZF8Ufhg?t=79\">at 1:19<\/a><\/li><li>How to Use Chopsticks by TabiEats, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Vtot9IMBiSU?t=114\">at 1:54<\/a><\/li><li>How to Use Chopsticks by LeesRandomVids, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2Bns2m5Bg4M?t=201\">at 3:21<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>All of these videos show only small chopstick movements. But the roll is still clearly discernible. With true Standard Grip, there is no way to tilt the top stick without also rolling it at the same time. However, most lifelong Standard Grip users never think of extending tips of chopsticks several times farther apart, than shown in those videos. If they did, they would notice the roll which would now become impossible to miss. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regular eating situations do not call for super-wide opening of chopsticks. It is rare that one would use chopsticks to pick up large items such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baozi\">Chinese meat bun<\/a>, although some die-hard advocates (we are looking at ourselves in the mirror) do. It may seem like a purely academic interest to elucidate the role of planetary gears in chopsticks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But in reality, understanding the the tripod hold and planetary gears marks the fine line between an oblivious user and a skillful one. In ice skating, understanding the so-called &#8220;edges of the blade&#8221; transforms an oblivious skater into a skillful one, as elucidated in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qd4CVvItJlo\">Physics of Skating on Ice<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC6107grRI4m0o2-emgoDnAA\">SmarterEveryDay<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the tripod hold and planetary gears will confer on a user, real power and reach in wielding chopsticks. Being able to wield chopsticks with power and reach ironically gives the same user fine motor-controls over chopsticks. The result is enhanced dexterity, finesse, speed and grace. Following is one example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Challenge-picking-up-wasabi-jelly-pods-with-standard-grip-IMG_7103-320x342-10fps.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"342\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Challenge-picking-up-wasabi-jelly-pods-with-standard-grip-IMG_7103-320x342-10fps.gif\" alt=\"Marcosticks - Challenge - picking up wasabi jelly pods with standard grip - IMG_7103-320x342 10fps\" class=\"wp-image-3942\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Picking up wasabi jelly pods with standard grip<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As we examine more <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/ten-thousand-ways\/\">alternative grips<\/a>, we discover the same planetary gear motion in more grips. For instance, <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/the-italian-grip\/\">Italian Grip<\/a> also uses the thumb to roll the top chopstick. But in this case, it rolls the stick in the opposite direction compared to Standard Grip &#8211; Italian Grip is an under-swing variant, and extends tips of chopsticks open by swinging the top chopstick downward, not upward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-the-future-may-hold\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_the_future_may_hold\"><\/span>What the future may hold<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We expect that a wider dissemination this planetary gears insight will disrupt the world of <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/best-learning-chopsticks\/\">learning chopsticks<\/a>. Chopstick inventions lingered for too long in perfecting the right initial, static finger placement. Even the most useful ones on the market today are unaware of the planetary gears principle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, the Ishida Proper model shown below is created with all the right intentions to help users learn to make a tripod hold. But the top stick cannot be rolled, due to the use of a traditional hinge. This causes the blue rubber part to rub against sensitive thumb skin, in actual use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Exo-placement-chopsticks-Ishida-Proper-chopsticks-Thumb-friction-against-exo-tab-open-n-closed-closeup-IMG_2372-IMG_2373_FRD-scaled-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"462\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Exo-placement-chopsticks-Ishida-Proper-chopsticks-Thumb-friction-against-exo-tab-open-n-closed-closeup-IMG_2372-IMG_2373_FRD-scaled-1-1024x462.jpg\" alt=\"Exo-placement chopsticks - Ishida Proper chopsticks - Thumb friction against exo tab - close-up\" class=\"wp-image-3799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Exo-placement-chopsticks-Ishida-Proper-chopsticks-Thumb-friction-against-exo-tab-open-n-closed-closeup-IMG_2372-IMG_2373_FRD-scaled-1-1024x462.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Exo-placement-chopsticks-Ishida-Proper-chopsticks-Thumb-friction-against-exo-tab-open-n-closed-closeup-IMG_2372-IMG_2373_FRD-scaled-1-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Exo-placement-chopsticks-Ishida-Proper-chopsticks-Thumb-friction-against-exo-tab-open-n-closed-closeup-IMG_2372-IMG_2373_FRD-scaled-1-768x346.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Exo-placement-chopsticks-Ishida-Proper-chopsticks-Thumb-friction-against-exo-tab-open-n-closed-closeup-IMG_2372-IMG_2373_FRD-scaled-1-1536x692.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Marcosticks-Exo-placement-chopsticks-Ishida-Proper-chopsticks-Thumb-friction-against-exo-tab-open-n-closed-closeup-IMG_2372-IMG_2373_FRD-scaled-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Thumb rubs against the exoskeleton tab (blue) as the top stick opens and closes (close-up)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, users invariably retract their thumb to the bottom stick, and end up learning a grip that can never be transferred to plain chopsticks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following video goes into details on six types of <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/best-learning-chopsticks\/\">learning chopsticks<\/a>. These are assessed in light of insights we have documented in this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe title=\"Six types of learning chopsticks\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/shwyGPuYpes?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Lastly, we created <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/training-marcosticks-that-work\/\">our own training marcosticks<\/a> based on these insights. They overcome issues in previous learning chopsticks, because they are designed using the tripod hold, planetary gears, and the air quote gesture as guiding principles. And they are free. You can <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/3d-print\/\">print these training marcosticks<\/a> on your own 3D printer. This video summarize them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe title=\"3D-printable training chopsticks that work\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NcLegJ6vooE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"our-mission\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Our_mission\"><\/span>Our mission<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/about\/\">Our mission<\/a> at Marcosticks is to raise awareness on <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/utensilequality\/\">utensil inequality<\/a>, and to bring about real changes. But we also realize that utensil equality can&#8217;t be achieved until more people want to use chopsticks everywhere. People won&#8217;t want to use chopsticks, if they find these sticks hard to master. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The truth is, chopsticks are not intuitive to use. Many beginners manage to quickly find simpler but suboptimal grips that allow them to eat with chopsticks. Some find themselves stuck in their own <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/family-tree-of-alternative-grips\/\">alternative grips<\/a> with a limited range of motion, without much tension or compression force. This issue is not limited to adult beginners. A large percentage of lifetime chopstick users in Asia never venture out of various alternative grips adopted in childhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Chicken_Claws_Grip_closed_vs_open_postures_IMG_6885_IMG_6882-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Chicken_Claws_Grip_closed_vs_open_postures_IMG_6885_IMG_6882-1024x392.jpg\" alt=\"The closed posture and the open posture of the alternative &quot;Chicken Claws&quot; grip (a variant of the &quot;Idling Thumb&quot; grip), capping the two ends of a range of finger motions involved in manipulating chopsticks.\" class=\"wp-image-1015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Chicken_Claws_Grip_closed_vs_open_postures_IMG_6885_IMG_6882-1024x392.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Chicken_Claws_Grip_closed_vs_open_postures_IMG_6885_IMG_6882-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Chicken_Claws_Grip_closed_vs_open_postures_IMG_6885_IMG_6882-768x294.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Chicken_Claws_Grip_closed_vs_open_postures_IMG_6885_IMG_6882-1536x588.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Chicken_Claws_Grip_closed_vs_open_postures_IMG_6885_IMG_6882-2048x784.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A lifelong user demonstrating the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/the-chicken-claws-grip\/\">Chicken Claws<\/a>&#8221; grip<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By revealing the physics of chopsticks, we hope to build a vocabulary for describing all that go on between a pair of chopsticks and fingers from a human hand. We can now study alternative grips, and articulate how they differ. We hope to help users of alternative grips <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/learn-to-twirl-marcosticks\/\">master<\/a> the more efficient <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/the-standard-grip\/\">standard grip<\/a>. And we hope to help new learners learn it faster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By revealing the physics of chopsticks, we hope to foster a renewed interest in the design of <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/model-t-training\/\">training marcosticks<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/model-e-ergonomic\/\">ergonomic marcosticks<\/a>. One day, these innovations may even appear obvious and unoriginal, to the next generation of users. These users would grow up being taught in school, the planetary gear train nature of chopsticks, as a text book example of how machines work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As for a sizable population who find Standard Grip uncomfortable to wield, despite attempts to master it, we think that we can apply the same research rigor shown here, to <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/ten-thousand-ways\/\">alternative grips<\/a> that may be more suitable for them, based on their own particular circumstances and personal needs. We dove deeper into this topic in the retrospective, <a href=\"https:\/\/marcosticks.org\/the-art-and-science-of-chopsticking\/\">The Art and Science of Chopsticking<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Did you know that chopsticks have more in common with planetary gears than Archimedean levers? Discover the real physics of chopsticks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3881,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-physics-of-chopsticks","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Planetary gears: physics of chopsticks - \u99ac\u53ef\u7b77 Marcosticks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Did you know that chopsticks have more in common with planetary gears than Archimedean levers? 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